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The Son of God: Three Views of the Identity of Jesus, by Charles Lee Irons, Danny André Dixon, Dustin R. Smith
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This is a multi-view book in which representatives of differing viewpoints make a positive statement of their case, followed by responses from the others, and concluding with a rebuttal by the original author. The topic at hand in this book is the identity of Jesus (also known as Christology). What is the meaning of Jesus's identity as "the Son of God"? Charles Lee Irons argues that the title "Son of God" denotes his ontological deity from a Trinitarian perspective. Danny André Dixon and Dustin R. Smith challenge this view from two different non-Trinitarian viewpoints. Smith argues that Jesus is the authentically human Son of God, the Davidic Messiah, who did not possess a literal preexistence prior to his virgin birth. Dixon argues that Jesus is God's preexistent Son in the sense that God gave him life or existence at some undefined point prior to creation. The authors engage the topic from the perspective that reverences the authority and inspiration of Scripture as the final arbiter of this debate. The literature of early Judaism is also engaged in order to try to understand the extent to which the New Testament's Christology may have been influenced by or operated within the context of Jewish conceptions of divine secondary beings as agents of God.
- Sales Rank: #1185974 in Books
- Published on: 2015-12-04
- Released on: 2015-12-04
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 9.00" h x .52" w x 6.00" l, .0 pounds
- Binding: Paperback
- 230 pages
About the Author
Charles Lee Irons, PhD, is the Senior Research Administrator at The Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science. Danny André Dixon, MA, MEd, is an English Language Arts Teacher at Fort Stockton High School in Fort Stockton, Texas. Dustin R. Smith, PhD, is an Instructor at the Atlanta Bible College in McDonough, Georgia.
Most helpful customer reviews
6 of 6 people found the following review helpful.
This book is a rare gem
By P. Leverette
The Son of God: Three Views of the Identity of Jesus by Charles Lee Irons, Danny André Dixon, Dustin R. Smith, including the forward by James F. McGrath. This book is a must have for any engaged in the study of New Testament Christology. The title itself is captivating, because most churchgoers are not cognizant that there were different views of the identity of Jesus in antiquity. The interlocutors certainly fulfilled 1 Peter 3:15 by displaying gentleness, reverence and good behavior in their apologia. This no doubt stands as a model for all Christians who wish to have open dialogue about Bible subjects. James F. McGrath highlights the most important point, when he writes: … if we figure out who Jesus is, and in the process ignore what he taught, we have missed the point- pg.xi. (See also Matthew 7:24-27) The table of contents is organized by means of a three part series where, the Trinitarian, Arian and Socinian each respond to each other’s views and affirmations. Having read this book on New Testament Christology, I found myself either agreeing or disagreeing with the author/s point of view. For instance, Dr. Lee Irons mentions what he “wish to defend is the historic position enshrined as church doctrine in the Nicene Creed.”-pg. xiii, then a quote by Athanasius, Against the Arians 1.5 [NPNF2 4.308–9] -pg 4, and then Basil the Great on pg.10, which is a matter of contention for me, because importing the data from the Nicene Creed and defending its position is anachronistic, because it does not explain how Jesus and the Apostles defined Christology or his identity, but rather what later theologians would come to believe about Jesus, which is not necessarily what the New Testament teaches. The brief mention in passing of the Nicene Creed also fails to highlight the most significant fact that there was no consensus on the nature of the “holy spirit” thus leaving the Nicene Creed as binary in its format. However, there were points I agreed with Dr. Lee Irons on, such as “ He wish to defend his(Christ) full humanity- pg. xiii, when he concludes that Jesus is not the same person as Yahweh, and when critiquing Danny Dixon's position he says: So even if he holds back from calling Jesus an angel, in terms of the structure of his argument, that is essentially what his Christology amounts to.-pg. 94. Next, Danny Dixon’s structure of argumentation was excellent, particularly in dealing with his definition of the Son of God. For instance he cites Matt. 16:13-20; Mk 8:27-30; Lu 9:18-20 and comments: And Peter answered “ The Christ of God. Neither version seeks to make any ontological conclusions about Jesus identity”.-pg. 25. I won’t spoil the surprise, but Danny Dixon brings out an excellent Greek grammatical point by means of the inferential conjunction and also includes source documentation for verification purposes. I also appreciate Danny Dixon’s statement when he said…. that Scripture says God gave life to his Son, a unique entity—though not an angel—in preexistent time (John 1:1–3)- xiv and also when he said that Jesus was a human being like his brothers.- Danny makes so many good points why the Trinitarian position inadequately delineates and interprets the New Testament data. Now time would fail me, if I were to list all the points I agree with him on. JW’s and other Arians do well to learn from the honest treatment Danny Dixon has displayed in the exposition of a plethora of biblical texts. Last, but certainly not least, is my evaluation of Dustin Smith argumentation. I found myself overwhelmingly compelled by his full range of scriptural citations that validate and authenticate why Jesus as an idealized human figure best accounts and interprets the entire Bible, not just the New Testament, but all of scripture. ( See 2 Timothy 3:16, 17) . New Testament scholar John Knox once said: “We can have the humanity without the pre-existence and we can have the pre-existence without the humanity. There is absolutely no way of having both” [The Humanity and Divinity of Christ, Cambridge University Press, 1967, pg. 106] I think Dustin Smith demonstrates the tension that literal pre-existence causes for the genuine humanity of Jesus. He takes the virgin birth as a principal indicator of why, when and how Jesus is the Son of God. His uniqueness and specialness is all predicated upon this most crucial fact, that Jesus is the only one, who was miraculously begotten in( not through) the womb of a virgin. A scriptural count is necessary to see just how many numerous scriptures Dustin Smith uses and his utter cry for "sola scriptura" was heard loud and clear. For instance Dustin Smith says: The point which bears importance for this study is the fact that the expectation of the messiah was tied to Eve’s human descendant-pg. 129. He also remarkably quotes Colin Brown when he said “
“It is a common but patent misreading of the opening of John’s Gospel to read it as if it said: ‘In the beginning was the Son, and the Son was with God, and the Son was God’ (John 1:1).”-pg. 169, thus showing in polemical fashion that both the Trinitarian and Arian is required to read into the prologue “ the Son” in order to confirm pre-existence, while the Socinian can accept the prologue as written without adding to the text, nor altering the intention of the biblical writer. The interlocutors all agree that Jesus was a human figure, but only Dustin Smith accounts for why Jesus as a human figure was super-exalted and acquired and fulfilled the status and role originally intended for Adam ( See Ps 8:6). Certainly, if he eternally pre-existed as Lee Irons suggest, or was anciently created as Danny Dixon suggest, this silences and discounts Ps 8:6. As Hebrews 2 confirms this is about MAN, not angels, nor a God-the-son in flesh being that could not in any way relate to his brothers. In the end I found Dustin Smith’s argumentation to be the most convincing. However, the reader/s will have to decide for themselves who best represents what the Bible teaches.
PL
6 of 6 people found the following review helpful.
an engaging three-sided Christian argument about Jesus
By bookman109
This is one of the best "three views" books I've seen. At 179pp without the bibliography and indexes, it is an action-packed series of christological arguments. Unlike much academic theology, the authors don't mince words, expressing "concerns" and worrying about misplaced emphases. No, they disagree straightforwardly with one another, yet they argue respectfully. Is Jesus eternally God, a Person of the Trinity who has the divine nature (trinitarian)? Or is he, as many ancient Christians thought, a lesser divine being through whom God created the cosmos ("Arian")? Or is he, as "biblical unitarians" hold simply the miraculously-conceived human Messiah, the unique Son of God, but not God the Son? ("Socinian") Nor will the book set you adrift in a boundless sea of theological abstractions and unintelligible terminology. The book is well edited, and each author tries to communicate with the ordinary reader. Yet scholars too will find much of interest here, particularly the appeals to certain extra-biblical ancient writings to try to illuminate the intent of the biblical authors. The "Arian" and "Socinian" views about Jesus get little press in academic circles nowadays, but are still, as in earlier eras, positions that a lot of Bible readers come to. The book is a model of Christian disagreement; it is a non-polemical discussion of issues which have frequently devolved into odium theologicum ("theological hatred"). You'll be able to see the Bible from the perspective of each of the three views after studying this book. Of course, they can't all be true! It's then your job to adjudicate the dispute.
I had the opportunity to interview each author of this book for episodes of the trinities podcast (episodes 117-119) and I found them all to be knowledgeable, thoughtful, humble, sincere, and ready to seriously engage with objections and not just bloviate their own opinions.
These are all Protestants, who as such want to derive their views about Jesus and how Jesus relates to God directly from the Bible. Thus, little attention is given to the theoretical agonies of the 2nd-6th centuries about logos theories and the "two natures" of Christ. Naturally, the definition of Chalcedon (451) gets some discussion, and naturally the trinitarian Dr. Irons is the most interested in this aspect of catholic tradition. But none of the authors get into sophisticated latter-day attempts by analytic theologians to parse the two-natures claims in self-consistent ways (e.g. kenosis theories, "two-minds" interpretations of the two natures, compositional theories) or into the difficult treatments by the philosopher-theologians of the middle ages. So if your idea of good christological thinking is Thomas Aquinas or Richard Swinburne, you may be frustrated by the lack of attention here to medieval and recent accounts. But if you're a Protestant who wants to base your christology directly on the Bible, you'll have no objection to the Bible-oriented focus here, and you'll find the exchange an opportunity to hone your own views, to force you a deeper into understanding what the biblical authors are and aren't saying about the Son of God.
5 of 5 people found the following review helpful.
A compelling dialogue among three Christian theologians with contrasting views of Jesus Christ.
By Sarah G.
The Son of God stands out from other recent books on Christology as a compelling dialogue among three skilled Christian theologians who hold three contrasting views of Jesus Christ. In particular, this book explores the Trinitarian, Arian, and Socinian views of Jesus by way of a series of essays. Each author puts forward the topics and texts that in his view make the strongest case for his position. His opponents then push back with questions and objections, and finally he closes his case by replying to their critique. The resulting book flows like a genuine discussion and offers a fascinating array of evidence for the reader to consider along the way.
Dr. Lee Irons argues in favor of Trinitarianism, covering such topics as the Jewish charge of blasphemy, preexistence and incarnation, the use of the divine name in the NT, and the worship of Christ. He favors Dr. Richard Bauckham's assertion that Jesus "participates in the identity of YHWH" and believes the strongest arguments for this view are Jesus as the revealer of the Father, Jesus as the divine creator, and Jesus as the self-existing one.
Mr. Danny Dixon centers his case for Arianism around the concept of divine agency, arguing that God grants divine attributes and prerogatives to his chosen agents, which include both human beings and angels. Mr. Dixon focuses especially upon how divine agency was understood within Second Temple Judaism. He rounds out his case by looking at the Biblical figure of Melchizedek and discussing a series of Biblical texts (such as Jn 1 and Phil. 2) that in his view demonstrate Jesus' preexistence.
Socinian Dr. Dustin Smith asserts that the scriptural testimony about the Messiah - from the OT prophecies to their NT fulfillments - presents Jesus as the virginally begotten human being destined to sit upon David's throne and rule creation as God's divinely exalted agent. To support his case that Jesus came into existence in Mary's womb, Dr. Smith examines in detail the birth narratives in Matthew and Luke. He also draws from Biblical and extra-biblical sources to illustrate the Jewish concept of "notional" preexistence as opposed to the Greek idea of "literal" preexistence. Ultimately Dr. Smith makes that case (and on this Mr. Dixon would agree) that Jesus Christ is best understood as the Second Adam who has regained what the first Adam lost at the fall.
One of the most welcome aspects of this book is the absence of ad hominem attacks and straw man arguments that so often characterize discussions of this nature. While the contributors challenge each other vigorously, to be sure, they nevertheless conduct their conversation with humility and respect. The reader is thus free to evaluate each case on its own merit and follow the example of the Bereans who eagerly searched the scriptures to “see if these things were so.” (Acts 17:11)
I wholeheartedly commend this book to anyone with questions about the identity of Jesus Christ. Whether it is one’s first or fifty-first foray into the realm of Christology, The Son of God challenges the reader to think more deeply – and perhaps differently – about the true nature of this man from Nazareth who so radically changed the world.
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